DNS
SOA Lookup
Resolves a domain's SOA (Start of Authority) record — primary nameserver, zone serial number, and refresh/retry/expire timers.
Start of Authority — the zone's primary nameserver, admin contact, and the timers secondary nameservers use to stay in sync.
The serial number should increment on every zone change — secondaries use it to know a zone transfer is needed. A stale serial means secondaries may be serving outdated records.